From Copy/Paste to Intelligent Automation
2013, fresh out of university with a computer science degree, Stefan Pöter began programming classic PLC controllers for stage automation in his father's company. What he found there was symptomatic of the entire automation industry: Each project resembled the previous one – only the number of axes, the type of position sensing, or the load measurement configuration varied. The basic logic, motion control, control sequences – all were fundamentally identical.
Yet every new installation meant the same laborious process: copy the last project folder, manually adapt code, change variable names, go through axis configurations, and then – hopefully – test onsite at the customer's location. Reusability? Yes, but in the most primitive way: copy/paste followed by manual adaptation. No abstraction, no modularization, no systematic reusability.
And that's where the problem lay – a problem that still plagues the entire PLC world today.
While software development has made tremendous progress over the past twenty years – unit tests, continuous integration, automated end-to-end tests, version control with Git, code reviews, static analysis, refactoring tools – all of this has completely passed by the world of TwinCAT, TIA Portal and their ilk. These systems still work today much as they did in the 1990s. No automated tests checking if a change broke something. No simulation environments where you can run a complete system virtually before it goes live at the customer's site. No meaningful type system catching obvious errors at compile time. Quality assurance means: onsite commissioning, fingers crossed, hoping nothing unexpected happens.
And with these methods – methods that have long been considered obsolete in the rest of software development – systems are controlled today that cost millions of euros, where people work, and whose failure can cause five-figure losses per hour. If you step back and look at it objectively, it's almost inconceivable. As a computer science graduate who knew modern practices from university, this wasn't just too dull for him – it was simply too risky.